Saturday, July 21, 2012
check; ENTERPRENEURSHIP(UJASIRIAMALI) SEHEMU YA 2
THE NATURE AND IMPORTANCE OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP;
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
1. To introduce the concept of entrepreneurship and its historical development.
2. To explain the entrepreneurial decision process.
THE ENTREPRENEURIAL DECISION PROCESS
(Deciding to become an entrepreneur by leaving present activity)
Many individuals have difficulty bringing their ideas to the market and creating new venture. Yet
entrepreneurship and the actual entrepreneurial decisions have resulted in several million new businesses
being started throughout the world. Although no one knows the exact number in the United States.
Indeed, millions of ventures are formed despite recession, inflation, high interest rates, and lack of
infrastructure, economic uncertainty and the high probability of failure
The entrepreneurial decision process entails a movement from something to something— a movement
from a present life style to forming a new enterprise.
To leave a present live-style to create something new comes from a negative force--disruption. Many
companies are formed by people who have retired, moved, or been fired. Another cause of disruption is
completing an educational degree.
The decision to start a new company occurs when an individual perceives that forming a new enterprise is
both desirable and possible.
Desirability of New Venture Formation
(Aspects of a situation that make it desirable to start a new company)
The perception that starting a new company is desirable results from an individual’s culture, subculture,
family, teachers and peers.
American culture places a high value on being your own boss, being a success and making money
therefore, it is not surprising to find a high rate of company formation in the United States. On the other
hand in some countries making money is not as valued and failure may be a disgrace. The rate of business
formation in these countries is not as high. Many subcultures that shape value systems operate within a
cultural framework.
Studies indicate that a high percentage of founders of companies had fathers and/or mothers who valued
independence. Encouragement to form a company is also gained from teachers, who can significantly
influence individuals. An area having a strong educational base is also a requirement for entrepreneurial
activity. Peers are important, also, as is an area with an entrepreneurial pool and peer-meeting place.
Possibility of New Venture Formation
(Factors making it possible to create a new venture)
Although the desire of new venture formation derived from the individual’s culture, subculture, family,
teachers and peers needs to be present before any action is taken, the second feature necessary centers
around this question “What makes it possible to form a new company?”
Formal education and previous business experience give a potential entrepreneur the skills needed to
form and manage a new enterprise. Although educational systems are important in providing the needed
business knowledge, individual will tend to be more successful in forming in fields in which they have
worked. The government also contributes by providing the infrastructure to help a new venture.
The market must be large enough and the entrepreneur must have the marketing know-how to put
together the entire package.
Finally, financial resources must be readily available. Although most start-up money comes from personal
savings, credit, and friends, but there is often a need for additional capital. Risk-capital availability plays an
essential role in the development and growth of entrepreneurial activity.
KEY TERMS
Foundation companies
A type of company formed from research and development that usually does not go public.
Gazelles
Very high growth ventures.
Government as an innovator
A government active in commercializing technology
High-potential ventures.
A venture that has high growth potential and therefore receives great investor interest
Entrepreneurship
Entrepreneurship within an existing business structure
Iterative synthesis
The intersection of knowledge and social need that starts the product development process
Lifestyle firm
A small venture that supports the owners and usually does not grow.
Ordinary innovation
Z new product with little technological change.
Possibility of new venture formation
Factors making it possible to create a new venture.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
1. To introduce the concept of entrepreneurship and its historical development.
2. To explain the entrepreneurial decision process.
THE ENTREPRENEURIAL DECISION PROCESS
(Deciding to become an entrepreneur by leaving present activity)
Many individuals have difficulty bringing their ideas to the market and creating new venture. Yet
entrepreneurship and the actual entrepreneurial decisions have resulted in several million new businesses
being started throughout the world. Although no one knows the exact number in the United States.
Indeed, millions of ventures are formed despite recession, inflation, high interest rates, and lack of
infrastructure, economic uncertainty and the high probability of failure
The entrepreneurial decision process entails a movement from something to something— a movement
from a present life style to forming a new enterprise.
To leave a present live-style to create something new comes from a negative force--disruption. Many
companies are formed by people who have retired, moved, or been fired. Another cause of disruption is
completing an educational degree.
The decision to start a new company occurs when an individual perceives that forming a new enterprise is
both desirable and possible.
Desirability of New Venture Formation
(Aspects of a situation that make it desirable to start a new company)
The perception that starting a new company is desirable results from an individual’s culture, subculture,
family, teachers and peers.
American culture places a high value on being your own boss, being a success and making money
therefore, it is not surprising to find a high rate of company formation in the United States. On the other
hand in some countries making money is not as valued and failure may be a disgrace. The rate of business
formation in these countries is not as high. Many subcultures that shape value systems operate within a
cultural framework.
Studies indicate that a high percentage of founders of companies had fathers and/or mothers who valued
independence. Encouragement to form a company is also gained from teachers, who can significantly
influence individuals. An area having a strong educational base is also a requirement for entrepreneurial
activity. Peers are important, also, as is an area with an entrepreneurial pool and peer-meeting place.
Possibility of New Venture Formation
(Factors making it possible to create a new venture)
Although the desire of new venture formation derived from the individual’s culture, subculture, family,
teachers and peers needs to be present before any action is taken, the second feature necessary centers
around this question “What makes it possible to form a new company?”
Formal education and previous business experience give a potential entrepreneur the skills needed to
form and manage a new enterprise. Although educational systems are important in providing the needed
business knowledge, individual will tend to be more successful in forming in fields in which they have
worked. The government also contributes by providing the infrastructure to help a new venture.
The market must be large enough and the entrepreneur must have the marketing know-how to put
together the entire package.
Finally, financial resources must be readily available. Although most start-up money comes from personal
savings, credit, and friends, but there is often a need for additional capital. Risk-capital availability plays an
essential role in the development and growth of entrepreneurial activity.
KEY TERMS
Foundation companies
A type of company formed from research and development that usually does not go public.
Gazelles
Very high growth ventures.
Government as an innovator
A government active in commercializing technology
High-potential ventures.
A venture that has high growth potential and therefore receives great investor interest
Entrepreneurship
Entrepreneurship within an existing business structure
Iterative synthesis
The intersection of knowledge and social need that starts the product development process
Lifestyle firm
A small venture that supports the owners and usually does not grow.
Ordinary innovation
Z new product with little technological change.
Possibility of new venture formation
Factors making it possible to create a new venture.
TO BE CONTINUED............
check hii: MFAHAMU ALIKO DANGOTE
Thursday, July 19, 2012
DARASA: ENTERPRENEURSHIP(UJASIRIAMALI) EPISODE 1
THE NATURE AND IMPORTANCE OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
1. To introduce the concept of entrepreneurship and its historical development.
2. To explain the entrepreneurial decision process.
3. To identify the basic types of start-up ventures.
4. To explain the role of entrepreneurship in economic development.
5. To discuss the ethics and racial responsibility of entrepreneurs.
NATURE AND DEVELOPMENT OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP
The term entrepreneur comes from the French and translates "between-taker" or "go-between."
Earliest Period
In this period the money person (forerunner of the capitalist) entered into a contract with the go-between
to sell his goods. While the capitalist was a passive risk bearer, the merchant bore all the physical and
emotional risks.
Middle Ages
In this age the term entrepreneur was used to describe both an actor and a person who managed large
production projects. In such large production projects, this person did not take any risks, managing the
project with the resources provided. A typical entrepreneur was the cleric who managed architectural
projects.
17th Century
In the 17th century the entrepreneur was a person who entered into a contract with the government to
perform a service
Richard Cantillon, a noted economist of the 1700s, developed theories of the entrepreneur and is
regarded as the founder of the term. He viewed the entrepreneur as a risk taker who "buy[s] at certain
price and sell[s] at an uncertain price, therefore operating at a risk."
18th Century
In the 18th century the person with capital was differentiated from the one who needed capital. In other
words, entrepreneur was distinguished from the capital provider.
Many of the inventions developed during this time as was the case with the inventions of Eli Whitney and
Thomas Edison were unable to finance invention themselves. Both were capital users (entrepreneurs), not
capital providers (venture capitalists.) Whitney used expropriated crown property. Edison raised capital
from private sources.
A venture capitalist is a professional money manager who makes risk investments from a pool of equity
capital to obtain a high rate of return on investments.
19th and 20th Centuries
In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, entrepreneurs were viewed mostly from an economic
perspective. The entrepreneur "contributes his own initiative, skill and ingenuity in planning, organizing
and administering the enterprise, assuming the chance of loss and gain."
Andrew Carnegie is one of the best examples of this definition, building the American steel industry on of
the wonders of industrial world, primarily through his competitiveness rather than creativity.
In the middle of the 20th century, the notion of an entrepreneur as an innovator was established.
Innovation, the act of introducing something new, is one of the most difficult tasks for the entrepreneur.
Edward Harriman and John Pierpont Morgan are examples of this type of entrepreneur. Edward
reorganized the Ontario and southern railroad through the northern pacific trust and john developed his
large banking house by reorganizing and financing the nation’s industries.
This ability to innovate is an instinct that distinguishes human beings from other creatures and can be
observed throughout history.
DEFINITION OF ENTREPRENEUR
The concept of entrepreneurship from a personal perspective has been explored in this century. This
exploration is reflected in the following three definitions of an entrepreneur:
In almost all definitions of entrepreneurship, there is agreement that we are talking about a kind of
behavior that includes:
1. . Initiative taking.
2. The organizing and reorganizing or social/economic mechanisms to turn resources and situations to
practical account.
3. .The acceptance of risk or failure.
To an economist, an entrepreneur is one who brings resources, labor, materials, and other assets into
combinations that make their value greater than before, and one who introduces changes, innovations,
and a new order.
To a psychologist, such a person is typically driven by certain forces- the need to obtain something, to
experiment, to accomplish or perhaps to escape the authority of others.
Entrepreneurship is the dynamic process of creating incremental wealth. Our definition of entrepreneurship
involves four aspects:
1. Entrepreneurship involves the creation process.
2. It requires the devotion of the necessary time and effort.
3. It involves assuming the necessary risks.
4. The rewards of being an entrepreneur are independence, personal satisfaction, and monetary reward.
For the person who actually starts his or her own business there is a high failure rate due to poor sales,
intense competition, lack of capital or lack of managerial ability.
THE ENTREPRENEURIAL DECISION PROCESS
(Deciding to become an entrepreneur by leaving present activity)
Many individuals have difficulty bringing their ideas to the market and creating new venture. Yet
entrepreneurship and the actual entrepreneurial decisions have resulted in several million new businesses
being started throughout the world. Although no one knows the exact number in the United States.
Indeed, millions of ventures are formed despite recession, inflation, high interest rates, and lack of
infrastructure, economic uncertainty and the high probability of failure
The entrepreneurial decision process entails a movement from something to something— a movement
from a present life style to forming a new enterprise.
To leave a present live-style to create something new comes from a negative force--disruption. Many
companies are formed by people who have retired, moved, or been fired. Another cause of disruption is
completing an educational degree.
The decision to start a new company occurs when an individual perceives that forming a new enterprise is
both desirable and possible.
KEY TERMS
Breakthrough innovations
A new product with some technological change
Business ethics
The study of behavior and morals in a business situation
Desirability of new venture formation
Aspects of a situation that make it desirable to start a new company.
Entrepreneur
Individual who takes risks and starts something new
Entrepreneur as an innovator
An individual developing something unique
Entrepreneurial decision process
Deciding to become an entrepreneur by leaving present activity
Entrepreneurship
Process of creating something new and assuming the risks and rewards.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
1. To introduce the concept of entrepreneurship and its historical development.
2. To explain the entrepreneurial decision process.
3. To identify the basic types of start-up ventures.
4. To explain the role of entrepreneurship in economic development.
5. To discuss the ethics and racial responsibility of entrepreneurs.
NATURE AND DEVELOPMENT OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP
The term entrepreneur comes from the French and translates "between-taker" or "go-between."
Earliest Period
In this period the money person (forerunner of the capitalist) entered into a contract with the go-between
to sell his goods. While the capitalist was a passive risk bearer, the merchant bore all the physical and
emotional risks.
Middle Ages
In this age the term entrepreneur was used to describe both an actor and a person who managed large
production projects. In such large production projects, this person did not take any risks, managing the
project with the resources provided. A typical entrepreneur was the cleric who managed architectural
projects.
17th Century
In the 17th century the entrepreneur was a person who entered into a contract with the government to
perform a service
Richard Cantillon, a noted economist of the 1700s, developed theories of the entrepreneur and is
regarded as the founder of the term. He viewed the entrepreneur as a risk taker who "buy[s] at certain
price and sell[s] at an uncertain price, therefore operating at a risk."
18th Century
In the 18th century the person with capital was differentiated from the one who needed capital. In other
words, entrepreneur was distinguished from the capital provider.
Many of the inventions developed during this time as was the case with the inventions of Eli Whitney and
Thomas Edison were unable to finance invention themselves. Both were capital users (entrepreneurs), not
capital providers (venture capitalists.) Whitney used expropriated crown property. Edison raised capital
from private sources.
A venture capitalist is a professional money manager who makes risk investments from a pool of equity
capital to obtain a high rate of return on investments.
19th and 20th Centuries
In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, entrepreneurs were viewed mostly from an economic
perspective. The entrepreneur "contributes his own initiative, skill and ingenuity in planning, organizing
and administering the enterprise, assuming the chance of loss and gain."
Andrew Carnegie is one of the best examples of this definition, building the American steel industry on of
the wonders of industrial world, primarily through his competitiveness rather than creativity.
In the middle of the 20th century, the notion of an entrepreneur as an innovator was established.
Innovation, the act of introducing something new, is one of the most difficult tasks for the entrepreneur.
Edward Harriman and John Pierpont Morgan are examples of this type of entrepreneur. Edward
reorganized the Ontario and southern railroad through the northern pacific trust and john developed his
large banking house by reorganizing and financing the nation’s industries.
This ability to innovate is an instinct that distinguishes human beings from other creatures and can be
observed throughout history.
DEFINITION OF ENTREPRENEUR
The concept of entrepreneurship from a personal perspective has been explored in this century. This
exploration is reflected in the following three definitions of an entrepreneur:
In almost all definitions of entrepreneurship, there is agreement that we are talking about a kind of
behavior that includes:
1. . Initiative taking.
2. The organizing and reorganizing or social/economic mechanisms to turn resources and situations to
practical account.
3. .The acceptance of risk or failure.
To an economist, an entrepreneur is one who brings resources, labor, materials, and other assets into
combinations that make their value greater than before, and one who introduces changes, innovations,
and a new order.
To a psychologist, such a person is typically driven by certain forces- the need to obtain something, to
experiment, to accomplish or perhaps to escape the authority of others.
Entrepreneurship is the dynamic process of creating incremental wealth. Our definition of entrepreneurship
involves four aspects:
1. Entrepreneurship involves the creation process.
2. It requires the devotion of the necessary time and effort.
3. It involves assuming the necessary risks.
4. The rewards of being an entrepreneur are independence, personal satisfaction, and monetary reward.
For the person who actually starts his or her own business there is a high failure rate due to poor sales,
intense competition, lack of capital or lack of managerial ability.
THE ENTREPRENEURIAL DECISION PROCESS
(Deciding to become an entrepreneur by leaving present activity)
Many individuals have difficulty bringing their ideas to the market and creating new venture. Yet
entrepreneurship and the actual entrepreneurial decisions have resulted in several million new businesses
being started throughout the world. Although no one knows the exact number in the United States.
Indeed, millions of ventures are formed despite recession, inflation, high interest rates, and lack of
infrastructure, economic uncertainty and the high probability of failure
The entrepreneurial decision process entails a movement from something to something— a movement
from a present life style to forming a new enterprise.
To leave a present live-style to create something new comes from a negative force--disruption. Many
companies are formed by people who have retired, moved, or been fired. Another cause of disruption is
completing an educational degree.
The decision to start a new company occurs when an individual perceives that forming a new enterprise is
both desirable and possible.
KEY TERMS
Breakthrough innovations
A new product with some technological change
Business ethics
The study of behavior and morals in a business situation
Desirability of new venture formation
Aspects of a situation that make it desirable to start a new company.
Entrepreneur
Individual who takes risks and starts something new
Entrepreneur as an innovator
An individual developing something unique
Entrepreneurial decision process
Deciding to become an entrepreneur by leaving present activity
Entrepreneurship
Process of creating something new and assuming the risks and rewards.
TO BE CONTINUED............
Wednesday, July 18, 2012
check....nafasi za ajira
Crrystal Human Capital
Deadline: Jul 18, 2012
Branch Manager
Security Group (T) Limited
Deadline: Jul 19, 2012
Management Trainees (2 Posts)
Wakulima Tea Company Ltd
Deadline: Jul 28, 2012
Controllers
Security Group (T) Limited
Deadline: Jul 19, 2012
Graduate Recruitment Programme
AngloGold Ashanti
Deadline: Aug 06, 2012
Head of Internal Audit Unit (Re-advertised)
DUWASA
Deadline: Jul 25, 2012
Driver
Plan
Deadline: Jul 20, 2012
Health Advisor
Plan
Deadline: Jul 20, 2012
Country Manager
GSK
Deadline: Jul 18, 2012
Advocacy Manager - Child Rights
Save the Children
Deadline: Jul 25, 2012
Procurement Management Officer (Compliance, Reporting & Contract)
DUWASA
Deadline: Jul 25, 2012
Country Manager-Oil & Gas
PES
Deadline: Jul 16, 2012
Head Auditor
Global Careers Company
Deadline: Jul 20, 2012
High Profile Interviewers
Ipsos Synovate - Tanzania
Deadline: Aug 27, 2012
Recruitment of Fresher Graduates
Enrich Africa Ltd.
Deadline: Jul 31, 2012
Bakery Manager
Best Cakes
Deadline: Aug 15, 2012
Cook (10 Posts)
HR Solutions Ltd
Deadline: Jul 22, 2012
Service (13 Posts)
HR Solutions Ltd
Deadline: Jul 22, 2012
A Dishwasher / Potwasher (6 Posts)
HR Solutions Ltd
Deadline: Jul 22, 2012
Translator - English/Swahili & Swahili/English
People Power Limited
Deadline: Jul 31, 2012
Deputy Director of Disability Hospital
People Power Limited
Deadline: Jul 31, 2012
Assistant Accountant
People Power Limited
Deadline: Jul 31, 2012
Manager – Cards – Accounting and reconciliation
People Power Limited
Deadline: Jul 31, 2012
Supervisor - Civil Works
People Power Limited
Deadline: Jul 31, 2012
Taswira mbalimbali za Ajali ya MV Skagit katika Bandari ya Malindi Zanzibar Leo
Wakazi
wa Zanzibar wakiwa wamekusanyika katika Bandari ya Malindi mjini Unguja
Zanzibar jioni ya leo wakati miili ya baadhi ya abiria wa Boti ya
Seagal "MV Skagit" wakitolewa baada ya boti hiyo kuzama na kupoteza
maisha ya watu zaidi ya 200 hii leo ikitokea jijini Dar es Salaam.
Askari wa JWTZ wakiwa wamejipanga wakati wa zoezi la kupokea maiti.
Moja ya maiti ikiwa imebebwa na askari
Maiti ingine ikiwa imebebwa...
Ni
hali ya huzuni Visiwani humo na jijini Dar es Salaam na Tanzania kwa
ujumla. Ajali hii imetokea ikiwa imepita miezi kadhaa baada ya meli
nyingine ya Abiria kupoteza uhai wa watu visiwani humo. Picha na lukaza Blog
Tuesday, July 17, 2012
ANGALIA: SHOW YA leka dutigite ILIVYOFANA LEO MJINI KIGOMA @ Lake Tanganyika Stadium.
Mh Zitto Zuber Kabwe akiongea na wananchi wa Kigoma
Lake Tanganyika Stadium ukiwa umetapika kwa wingi wa watu
halimamdee ,ester amos bulaya na Joshua Nassary
Wabunge wakitgita
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)